Contents

0.1 Instalation

if (!require('BiocManager'))
  install.packages('BiocManager')
BiocManager::install('glmSparseNet')

1 Required Packages

library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)
library(survival)
library(futile.logger)
library(curatedTCGAData)
library(TCGAutils)
#
library(glmSparseNet)
#
# Some general options for futile.logger the debugging package
.Last.value <- flog.layout(layout.format('[~l] ~m'))
.Last.value <- glmSparseNet:::show.message(FALSE)
# Setting ggplot2 default theme as minimal
theme_set(ggplot2::theme_minimal())

2 Load data

The data is loaded from an online curated dataset downloaded from TCGA using curatedTCGAData bioconductor package and processed.

To accelerate the process we use a very reduced dataset down to 107 variables only (genes), which is stored as a data object in this package. However, the procedure to obtain the data manually is described in the following chunk.

skcm <- curatedTCGAData(diseaseCode = 'SKCM', assays = 'RNASeq2GeneNorm', 
                        version = '1.1.38',  dry.run = FALSE)

Build the survival data from the clinical columns.

skcm.metastatic <- TCGAutils::TCGAsplitAssays(skcm, '06')
xdata.raw <- t(assay(skcm.metastatic[[1]]))

# Get survival information
ydata.raw <- colData(skcm.metastatic) %>% as.data.frame %>% 
  # Find max time between all days (ignoring missings)
  dplyr::rowwise() %>%
  dplyr::mutate(
    time = max(days_to_last_followup, 
               days_to_death, 
               na.rm = TRUE)
  ) %>%
  # Keep only survival variables and codes
  dplyr::select(patientID, status = vital_status, time) %>% 
  # Discard individuals with survival time less or equal to 0
  dplyr::filter(!is.na(time) & time > 0) %>% 
  as.data.frame()

# Get survival information
ydata.raw <- colData(skcm) %>% as.data.frame %>% 
  # Find max time between all days (ignoring missings)
  dplyr::rowwise() %>%
  dplyr::mutate(
    time = max(days_to_last_followup, days_to_death, na.rm = TRUE)
  ) %>%
  # Keep only survival variables and codes
  dplyr::select(patientID, status = vital_status, time) %>% 
  # Discard individuals with survival time less or equal to 0
  dplyr::filter(!is.na(time) & time > 0) %>% as.data.frame

# Set index as the patientID
rownames(ydata.raw) <- ydata.raw$patientID

# keep only features that have standard deviation > 0
xdata.raw      <- xdata.raw[TCGAbarcode(rownames(xdata.raw)) %in% 
                              rownames(ydata.raw),]
xdata.raw      <- xdata.raw %>% 
  { (apply(., 2, sd) != 0) } %>% 
  { xdata.raw[, .] } %>% 
  scale

# Order ydata the same as assay
ydata.raw    <- ydata.raw[TCGAbarcode(rownames(xdata.raw)), ]

set.seed(params$seed)
small.subset <- c('FOXL2', 'KLHL5', 'PCYT2', 'SLC6A10P', 'STRAP', 'TMEM33',
                  'WT1-AS', sample(colnames(xdata.raw), 100))

xdata <- xdata.raw[, small.subset[small.subset %in% colnames(xdata.raw)]]
ydata <- ydata.raw %>% dplyr::select(time, status)

3 Fit models

Fit model model penalizing by the hubs using the cross-validation function by cv.glmHub.

fitted <- cv.glmHub(
  xdata, 
  Surv(ydata$time, ydata$status), 
  family  = 'cox', 
  foldid  = glmSparseNet:::balanced.cv.folds(!!ydata$status)$output,
  network = 'correlation', 
  network.options = networkOptions(min.degree = .2, 
                                   cutoff = .6)
)

4 Results of Cross Validation

Shows the results of 100 different parameters used to find the optimal value in 10-fold cross-validation. The two vertical dotted lines represent the best model and a model with less variables selected (genes), but within a standard error distance from the best.

plot(fitted)

4.1 Coefficients of selected model from Cross-Validation

Taking the best model described by lambda.min

coefs.v <- coef(fitted, s = 'lambda.min')[,1] %>% { .[. != 0]}
coefs.v %>% { 
  data.frame(ensembl.id  = names(.), 
             gene.name   = geneNames(names(.))$external_gene_name, 
             coefficient = .,
             stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
  } %>%
  arrange(gene.name) %>%
  knitr::kable()
ensembl.id gene.name coefficient
PCYT2 PCYT2 AMICA1 0.0646641
AMICA1 AMICA1 C4orf49 -0.2758400
C4orf49 C4orf49 PCYT2 -0.0059089

4.2 Hallmarks of Cancer

geneNames(names(coefs.v)) %>% { hallmarks(.$external_gene_name)$heatmap }
## Error in curl::curl_fetch_memory(url, handle = handle): OpenSSL SSL_connect: SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL in connection to chat.lionproject.net:443 
## Request failed [ERROR]. Retrying in 1.2 seconds...
## Error in curl::curl_fetch_memory(url, handle = handle): OpenSSL SSL_connect: SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL in connection to chat.lionproject.net:443 
## Request failed [ERROR]. Retrying in 1.6 seconds...
## Cannot call Hallmark API, please try again later.
## NULL

4.3 Survival curves and Log rank test

separate2GroupsCox(as.vector(coefs.v), 
                   xdata[, names(coefs.v)], 
                   ydata, 
                   plot.title = 'Full dataset', legend.outside = FALSE)
## $pvalue
## [1] 0.0001269853
## 
## $plot

## 
## $km
## Call: survfit(formula = survival::Surv(time, status) ~ group, data = prognostic.index.df)
## 
##             n events median 0.95LCL 0.95UCL
## Low risk  180     79   4000    2927    6164
## High risk 179    114   2005    1524    2829

5 Session Info

sessionInfo()
## R version 4.2.1 (2022-06-23)
## Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
## Running under: Ubuntu 20.04.5 LTS
## 
## Matrix products: default
## BLAS:   /home/biocbuild/bbs-3.16-bioc/R/lib/libRblas.so
## LAPACK: /home/biocbuild/bbs-3.16-bioc/R/lib/libRlapack.so
## 
## locale:
##  [1] LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NUMERIC=C              
##  [3] LC_TIME=en_GB              LC_COLLATE=C              
##  [5] LC_MONETARY=en_US.UTF-8    LC_MESSAGES=en_US.UTF-8   
##  [7] LC_PAPER=en_US.UTF-8       LC_NAME=C                 
##  [9] LC_ADDRESS=C               LC_TELEPHONE=C            
## [11] LC_MEASUREMENT=en_US.UTF-8 LC_IDENTIFICATION=C       
## 
## attached base packages:
##  [1] grid      parallel  stats4    stats     graphics  grDevices utils    
##  [8] datasets  methods   base     
## 
## other attached packages:
##  [1] VennDiagram_1.7.3           reshape2_1.4.4             
##  [3] forcats_0.5.2               glmSparseNet_1.16.0        
##  [5] glmnet_4.1-4                Matrix_1.5-1               
##  [7] TCGAutils_1.18.0            curatedTCGAData_1.19.2     
##  [9] MultiAssayExperiment_1.24.0 SummarizedExperiment_1.28.0
## [11] Biobase_2.58.0              GenomicRanges_1.50.0       
## [13] GenomeInfoDb_1.34.0         IRanges_2.32.0             
## [15] S4Vectors_0.36.0            BiocGenerics_0.44.0        
## [17] MatrixGenerics_1.10.0       matrixStats_0.62.0         
## [19] futile.logger_1.4.3         survival_3.4-0             
## [21] ggplot2_3.3.6               dplyr_1.0.10               
## [23] BiocStyle_2.26.0           
## 
## loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
##   [1] backports_1.4.1               AnnotationHub_3.6.0          
##   [3] BiocFileCache_2.6.0           plyr_1.8.7                   
##   [5] splines_4.2.1                 BiocParallel_1.32.0          
##   [7] digest_0.6.30                 foreach_1.5.2                
##   [9] htmltools_0.5.3               magick_2.7.3                 
##  [11] fansi_1.0.3                   magrittr_2.0.3               
##  [13] memoise_2.0.1                 tzdb_0.3.0                   
##  [15] Biostrings_2.66.0             readr_2.1.3                  
##  [17] prettyunits_1.1.1             colorspace_2.0-3             
##  [19] blob_1.2.3                    rvest_1.0.3                  
##  [21] rappdirs_0.3.3                xfun_0.34                    
##  [23] crayon_1.5.2                  RCurl_1.98-1.9               
##  [25] jsonlite_1.8.3                zoo_1.8-11                   
##  [27] iterators_1.0.14              glue_1.6.2                   
##  [29] survminer_0.4.9               GenomicDataCommons_1.22.0    
##  [31] gtable_0.3.1                  zlibbioc_1.44.0              
##  [33] XVector_0.38.0                DelayedArray_0.24.0          
##  [35] car_3.1-1                     shape_1.4.6                  
##  [37] abind_1.4-5                   scales_1.2.1                 
##  [39] futile.options_1.0.1          DBI_1.1.3                    
##  [41] rstatix_0.7.0                 Rcpp_1.0.9                   
##  [43] xtable_1.8-4                  progress_1.2.2               
##  [45] bit_4.0.4                     km.ci_0.5-6                  
##  [47] httr_1.4.4                    ellipsis_0.3.2               
##  [49] pkgconfig_2.0.3               XML_3.99-0.12                
##  [51] farver_2.1.1                  sass_0.4.2                   
##  [53] dbplyr_2.2.1                  utf8_1.2.2                   
##  [55] tidyselect_1.2.0              labeling_0.4.2               
##  [57] rlang_1.0.6                   later_1.3.0                  
##  [59] AnnotationDbi_1.60.0          munsell_0.5.0                
##  [61] BiocVersion_3.16.0            tools_4.2.1                  
##  [63] cachem_1.0.6                  cli_3.4.1                    
##  [65] generics_0.1.3                RSQLite_2.2.18               
##  [67] ExperimentHub_2.6.0           broom_1.0.1                  
##  [69] evaluate_0.17                 stringr_1.4.1                
##  [71] fastmap_1.1.0                 yaml_2.3.6                   
##  [73] knitr_1.40                    bit64_4.0.5                  
##  [75] survMisc_0.5.6                purrr_0.3.5                  
##  [77] KEGGREST_1.38.0               mime_0.12                    
##  [79] formatR_1.12                  xml2_1.3.3                   
##  [81] biomaRt_2.54.0                compiler_4.2.1               
##  [83] filelock_1.0.2                curl_4.3.3                   
##  [85] png_0.1-7                     interactiveDisplayBase_1.36.0
##  [87] ggsignif_0.6.4                tibble_3.1.8                 
##  [89] bslib_0.4.0                   stringi_1.7.8                
##  [91] highr_0.9                     GenomicFeatures_1.50.0       
##  [93] lattice_0.20-45               KMsurv_0.1-5                 
##  [95] vctrs_0.5.0                   pillar_1.8.1                 
##  [97] lifecycle_1.0.3               BiocManager_1.30.19          
##  [99] jquerylib_0.1.4               data.table_1.14.4            
## [101] bitops_1.0-7                  httpuv_1.6.6                 
## [103] rtracklayer_1.58.0            R6_2.5.1                     
## [105] BiocIO_1.8.0                  bookdown_0.29                
## [107] promises_1.2.0.1              gridExtra_2.3                
## [109] codetools_0.2-18              lambda.r_1.2.4               
## [111] assertthat_0.2.1              rjson_0.2.21                 
## [113] withr_2.5.0                   GenomicAlignments_1.34.0     
## [115] Rsamtools_2.14.0              GenomeInfoDbData_1.2.9       
## [117] hms_1.1.2                     tidyr_1.2.1                  
## [119] rmarkdown_2.17                carData_3.0-5                
## [121] ggpubr_0.4.0                  pROC_1.18.0                  
## [123] shiny_1.7.3                   restfulr_0.0.15