# Working with the mplusModel Object

#### Michael Hallquist

#### 2026-06-24

# Overview

`mplusModel()` creates an R6 object that represents one Mplus model. It stores:

- model syntax
- model data
- `.inp`, `.dat`, and `.out` paths
- parsed output sections (after reading/running a model)

Compared with the traditional `mplusObject`, `mplusModel` is designed around a single model lifecycle: create, update, write files, run/submit, and inspect results.

# Three Ways to Start

There are three common entry points:

1. Start from syntax and data when you want to define a model in R and choose its file location with `dir` and `file_stem`.
2. Start from an existing `.inp` file when the input syntax already exists on disk.
3. Start from an existing `.out` file when you want to recover a model object from Mplus output, even if the `.inp` file is missing.

In all three cases, the object tracks a canonical file identity through `dir` and `file_stem`, and derives the `.inp`, `.out`, `.gh5`, and `.dat` paths from that state.

# Start from Syntax and Data

    model_syntax <- "
    TITLE: OLS regression with mtcars data;
    DATA: FILE IS mtcars_demo.dat;
    VARIABLE:
      NAMES = mpg wt hp cyl qsec;
      USEVARIABLES = mpg wt hp;
    ANALYSIS:
      ESTIMATOR = ML;
    MODEL:
      mpg ON wt hp;
    OUTPUT:
      STANDARDIZED;
    "

    model_data <- mtcars[, c("mpg", "wt", "hp", "cyl", "qsec")]

    m <- mplusModel(
      syntax = model_syntax,
      data = model_data,
      dir = tmp_dir,
      file_stem = "mtcars_demo",
      Mplus_command = fake_mplus
    )

    m$dir
    #> [1] "/private/var/folders/s3/fxpldcp575nfjjw2t4vp8z_40000gn/T/Rtmp9Z4gGf/mplusModel_vignette_143c73daaccfc"
    m$file_stem
    #> [1] "mtcars_demo"
    m$model_dir
    #> [1] "/private/var/folders/s3/fxpldcp575nfjjw2t4vp8z_40000gn/T/Rtmp9Z4gGf/mplusModel_vignette_143c73daaccfc"
    m$inp_file
    #> [1] "/private/var/folders/s3/fxpldcp575nfjjw2t4vp8z_40000gn/T/Rtmp9Z4gGf/mplusModel_vignette_143c73daaccfc/mtcars_demo.inp"
    m$dat_file
    #> [1] "/private/var/folders/s3/fxpldcp575nfjjw2t4vp8z_40000gn/T/Rtmp9Z4gGf/mplusModel_vignette_143c73daaccfc/mtcars_demo.dat"
    m$variables
    #> [1] "mpg" "wt"  "hp"

The object uses active bindings, so values like `m$dir`, `m$file_stem`, `m$inp_file`, and `m$dat_file` are always synchronized with the current object state. To relocate the model files, update `m$dir` and/or `m$file_stem`; `write_dat()` and `write_inp()` always write to those canonical locations.

# Start from an Existing `.inp` File

If you already have an Mplus input file, initialize the object from `inp_file`.

    m$write_dat()
    #> Writing data to file: /private/var/folders/s3/fxpldcp575nfjjw2t4vp8z_40000gn/T/Rtmp9Z4gGf/mplusModel_vignette_143c73daaccfc/mtcars_demo.dat
    m$write_inp()
    #> Writing Mplus syntax to file: /private/var/folders/s3/fxpldcp575nfjjw2t4vp8z_40000gn/T/Rtmp9Z4gGf/mplusModel_vignette_143c73daaccfc/mtcars_demo.inp

    m_from_inp <- mplusModel(
      inp_file = m$inp_file,
      read = FALSE,
      Mplus_command = fake_mplus
    )

    head(m_from_inp$syntax, n = 8)
    #> [1] "TITLE:"                           "OLS regression with mtcars data;"
    #> [3] "DATA:"                            "FILE = mtcars_demo.dat;"
    #> [5] "VARIABLE:"                        "NAMES = mpg wt hp;"
    #> [7] "USEVARIABLES = mpg wt hp;"        "MISSING = .;"

# Write Mplus Files

`write_dat()` writes the data file, and `write_inp()` writes the Mplus input syntax.

    m$write_dat()
    #> The file(s)
    #>  'mtcars_demo.dat'
    #> currently exist(s) and will be overwritten
    #> Writing data to file: /private/var/folders/s3/fxpldcp575nfjjw2t4vp8z_40000gn/T/Rtmp9Z4gGf/mplusModel_vignette_143c73daaccfc/mtcars_demo.dat
    m$write_inp()
    #> Writing Mplus syntax to file: /private/var/folders/s3/fxpldcp575nfjjw2t4vp8z_40000gn/T/Rtmp9Z4gGf/mplusModel_vignette_143c73daaccfc/mtcars_demo.inp

    file.exists(m$dat_file)
    #> [1] TRUE
    file.exists(m$inp_file)
    #> [1] TRUE

# Update Syntax and Variables

There are two update styles:

- non-mutating: `update(m, ...)` returns an updated clone
- in place: `m$update(...)` mutates the current object

For syntax sections, formulas support replace and append semantics:

- `~ "new text"` replaces
- `~ . + "additional text"` appends

    m_clone <- update(
      m,
      MODEL = ~ . + "mpg ON cyl;",
      ANALYSIS = ~ "ESTIMATOR = MLR;"
    )

    any(grepl("mpg ON cyl;", m$syntax, fixed = TRUE))
    #> [1] FALSE
    any(grepl("mpg ON cyl;", m_clone$syntax, fixed = TRUE))
    #> [1] TRUE

    m$update(MODEL = ~ . + "mpg ON qsec;")
    any(grepl("mpg ON qsec;", m$syntax, fixed = TRUE))
    #> [1] TRUE

The `variables` binding controls which columns are written to the `.dat` file:

    m$variables
    #> [1] "mpg"  "wt"   "hp"   "qsec"

    m$variables <- c("mpg", "wt", "hp", "cyl")
    m$variables
    #> [1] "mpg" "wt"  "hp"  "cyl"

    m$variables <- NULL
    m$variables
    #> [1] "mpg"  "wt"   "hp"   "qsec"

# Start from an Existing `.out` File

This example uses an output file shipped with the package (`inst/extdata/ex3.1.out`). The constructor rebuilds syntax from the echoed input stored in the output file and, when `read = TRUE`, also loads the parsed results.

    out_file <- system.file("extdata", "ex3.1.out", package = "MplusAutomation")
    file.copy(out_file, file.path(tmp_dir, "ex3.1.out"), overwrite = TRUE)
    #> [1] TRUE

    m_out <- mplusModel(
      out_file = file.path(tmp_dir, "ex3.1.out"),
      data = data.frame(y1 = 0, x1 = 0, x3 = 0),
      read = TRUE,
      Mplus_command = fake_mplus
    )

    m_out$inp_file
    #> [1] "/private/var/folders/s3/fxpldcp575nfjjw2t4vp8z_40000gn/T/Rtmp9Z4gGf/mplusModel_vignette_143c73daaccfc/ex3.1.inp"
    m_out$syntax[1:4]
    #> [1] "TITLE:"
    #> [2] "this is an example of a simple linear regression for a continuous observed dependent"
    #> [3] "    variable with two covariates"
    #> [4] "DATA:"
    m_out$summaries[c("AIC", "BIC", "CFI", "RMSEA_Estimate")]
    #>        AIC      BIC CFI RMSEA_Estimate
    #> 1 1396.667 1413.526   1              0
    head(m_out$parameters$unstandardized[, c("paramHeader", "param", "est", "se", "pval")])
    #>          paramHeader param   est    se pval
    #> 1              Y1.ON    X1 0.969 0.042    0
    #> 2              Y1.ON    X3 0.649 0.044    0
    #> 3         Intercepts    Y1 0.511 0.043    0
    #> 4 Residual.Variances    Y1 0.941 0.060    0

`mplusModel` exposes all major sections returned by `readModels()`, including `input`, `summaries`, `parameters`, `mod_indices`, `errors`, and more.

# Run Locally or Submit to HPC

`mplusModel` wraps both local runs and scheduler submission. These commands require a real Mplus executable.

    # Run locally
    m$run(replaceOutfile = "modifiedDate")

    # Submit to SLURM/Torque (arguments passed through to submitModels())
    m$submit(
      scheduler = "slurm",
      replaceOutfile = "modifiedDate",
      memgb_per_model = 8L,
      cores_per_model = 1L,
      time_per_model = "01:00:00"
    )

# Summary

Use `mplusModel` when you want an object-oriented workflow for a single model:

1. Start from `syntax` + `dir` + `file_stem`, an existing `inp_file`, or an existing `out_file`.
2. Work with canonical file paths through `dir`, `file_stem`, `inp_file`, `out_file`, and `dat_file`.
3. Write `.inp` / `.dat`, update syntax programmatically, and run or submit the model.
4. Read and inspect parsed output sections from the corresponding `.out` file.